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In mathematics, two functions have a contact of order ''k'' if, at a point ''P'', they have the same value and ''k'' equal derivatives. This is an equivalence relation, whose equivalence classes are generally called jets. The point of osculation is also called the double cusp. One speaks also of curves and geometric objects having ''k''-th order contact at a point: this is also called ''osculation'' (i.e. kissing), generalising the property of being tangent. (Here the derivatives are considered with respect to arc length.) An osculating curve from a given family of curves is a curve that has the highest possible order of contact with a given curve at a given point; for instance a tangent line is an osculating curve from the family of lines, and has first-order contact with the given curve; an osculating circle is an osculating curve from the family of circles, and has second-order contact (same tangent angle and curvature), etc.〔.〕 Contact forms are particular differential forms of degree 1 on odd-dimensional manifolds; see contact geometry. Contact transformations are related changes of co-ordinates, of importance in classical mechanics. See also Legendre transformation. Contact between manifolds is often studied in singularity theory, where the type of contact are classified, these include the ''A'' series (''A''0: crossing, ''A''1: tangent, ''A''2: osculating, ...) and the umbilic or ''D''-series where there is a high degree of contact with the sphere. ==Contact between curves== Two curves in the plane intersecting at a point ''p'' are said to have: *0th-order contact if the curves have a simple crossing (not tangent). *1st-order contact if the two curves are tangent. *2nd-order contact if the curvatures of the curves are equal. Such curves are said to be osculating. *3rd-order contact if the derivatives of the curvature are equal. *4th-order contact if the second derivatives of the curvature are equal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contact (mathematics)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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